用 Python 实现简单的俄罗斯方块（tetris）游戏

缘起

最近又（为什么要说“又”呢？）在学着用 Python 来解决一些实际问题，希望能从真实应用场景中提升编码的能力。前面的 用 Kindle 追网文之二 是，现在的俄罗斯方块也是。

详细代码

import pygame
import random

colors = [
    (0, 0, 0),
    (120, 37, 179),
    (100, 179, 179),
    (80, 34, 22),
    (80, 134, 22),
    (180, 34, 22),
    (180, 34, 122),
]

class Figure:
    x = 0
    y = 0

    figures = [
        [[1, 5, 9, 13], [4, 5, 6, 7]],
        [[4, 5, 9, 10], [2, 6, 5, 9]],
        [[6, 7, 9, 10], [1, 5, 6, 10]],
        [[1, 2, 5, 9], [0, 4, 5, 6], [1, 5, 9, 8], [4, 5, 6, 10]],
        [[1, 2, 6, 10], [5, 6, 7, 9], [2, 6, 10, 11], [3, 5, 6, 7]],
        [[1, 4, 5, 6], [1, 4, 5, 9], [4, 5, 6, 9], [1, 5, 6, 9]],
        [[1, 2, 5, 6]],
    ]

    def __init__(self, x, y):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.type = random.randint(0, len(self.figures) - 1)
        self.color = random.randint(1, len(colors) - 1)
        self.rotation = 0

    def image(self):
        return self.figures[self.type][self.rotation]

    def rotate(self):
        self.rotation = (self.rotation + 1) % len(self.figures[self.type])


class Tetris:
    level = 1
    score = 0
    state = "start"
    field = []
    height = 0
    width = 0
    x = 100
    y = 60
    zoom = 20
    figure = None
    figure_next = None

    def __init__(self, height, width):
        self.height = height
        self.width = width
        self.field = []
        self.score = 0
        self.state = "start"
        for i in range(height):
            new_line = []
            for j in range(width):
                new_line.append(0)
            self.field.append(new_line)

    def new_figure(self):
        self.figure = Figure(3, 0)

    def new_next_figure(self):
        self.figure_next = Figure(0, 0)

    def intersects(self):
        intersection = False
        for i in range(4):
            for j in range(4):
                if i * 4 + j in self.figure.image():
                    if i + self.figure.y > self.height - 1 or \
                            j + self.figure.x > self.width - 1 or \
                            j + self.figure.x < 0 or \
                            self.field[i +
                                       self.figure.y][j +
                                                      self.figure.x] > 0:
                        intersection = True
        return intersection

    def break_lines(self):
        lines = 0
        for i in range(1, self.height):
            zeros = 0
            for j in range(self.width):
                if self.field[i][j] == 0:
                    zeros += 1
            if zeros == 0:
                lines += 1
                for i1 in range(i, 1, -1):
                    for j in range(self.width):
                        self.field[i1][j] = self.field[i1 - 1][j]
        self.score += lines ** 2
        self.level = self.score // 100 + 1

    def go_space(self):
        while not self.intersects():
            self.figure.y += 1
        self.figure.y -= 1
        self.freeze()

    def go_down(self):
        self.figure.y += 1
        if self.intersects():
            self.figure.y -= 1
            self.freeze()

    def freeze(self):
        for i in range(4):
            for j in range(4):
                if i * 4 + j in self.figure.image():
                    self.field[
                        i + self.figure.y][
                            j + self.figure.x] = self.figure.color
        self.break_lines()
        self.new_figure()
        tmp_x = self.figure.x
        tmp_y = self.figure.y
        self.figure = self.figure_next
        self.figure.x = tmp_x
        self.figure.y = tmp_y
        self.new_next_figure()
        if self.intersects():
            self.state = "gameover"

    def go_side(self, dx):
        old_x = self.figure.x
        self.figure.x += dx
        if self.intersects():
            self.figure.x = old_x

    def rotate(self):
        old_rotation = self.figure.rotation
        self.figure.rotate()
        if self.intersects():
            self.figure.rotation = old_rotation


# Initialize the game engine
pygame.init()

# Define some colors
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
GRAY = (128, 128, 128)

size = (400, 500)
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)

pygame.display.set_caption("Tetris")

# Loop until the user clicks the close button.
done = False
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
fps = 25
game = Tetris(20, 10)
counter = 0

pressing_down = False

while not done:
    if game.figure is None:
        game.new_figure()
        game.new_next_figure()
    counter += 1
    if counter > 100000:
        counter = 0

    if counter % (fps // game.level // 2) == 0 or pressing_down:
        if game.state == "start":
            game.go_down()

    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            done = True
        if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            if game.state == "paused":
                if event.key == pygame.K_p:
                    game.state = "start"
            elif game.state == "start":
                if event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                    game.rotate()
                if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                    pressing_down = True
                if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                    game.go_side(-1)
                if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                    game.go_side(1)
                if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
                    game.go_space()
                if event.key == pygame.K_p:
                    game.state = "paused"
            else:
                pass
            if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
                game.__init__(20, 10)

        if event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
            if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                pressing_down = False

    screen.fill(WHITE)

    if game.figure_next is not None:
        for i in range(4):
            for j in range(4):
                p = i * 4 + j
                if p in game.figure_next.image():
                    pygame.draw.rect(
                        screen,
                        colors[game.figure_next.color],
                        [0 + game.zoom * (j + game.figure_next.x) + 1,
                         60 + game.zoom * (i + game.figure_next.y) + 1,
                         game.zoom - 2,
                         game.zoom - 2])

    for i in range(game.height):
        for j in range(game.width):
            pygame.draw.rect(
                screen,
                GRAY,
                [game.x + game.zoom * j,
                 game.y + game.zoom * i,
                 game.zoom,
                 game.zoom],
                1)
            if game.field[i][j] > 0:
                pygame.draw.rect(
                    screen,
                    colors[game.field[i][j]],
                    [game.x + game.zoom * j + 1,
                     game.y + game.zoom * i + 1,
                     game.zoom - 2,
                     game.zoom - 1])

    if game.figure is not None:
        for i in range(4):
            for j in range(4):
                p = i * 4 + j
                if p in game.figure.image():
                    pygame.draw.rect(
                        screen,
                        colors[game.figure.color],
                        [game.x + game.zoom * (j + game.figure.x) + 1,
                         game.y + game.zoom * (i + game.figure.y) + 1,
                         game.zoom - 2,
                         game.zoom - 2])

    font = pygame.font.SysFont('Calibri', 25, True, False)
    font1 = pygame.font.SysFont('Calibri', 65, True, False)
    text = font.render("Score: " + str(game.score) + " Speed: " + str(game.level), True, BLACK)
    text1 = font.render("Next :", True, BLACK)
    text_game_over = font1.render("Game Over", True, (255, 125, 0))
    text_game_over1 = font1.render("Press ESC", True, (255, 215, 0))
    text_paused = font1.render("PAUSED", True, (255, 125, 0))
    text_paused1 = font1.render("p->continue", True, (255, 215, 0))

    screen.blit(text, [0, 0])
    screen.blit(text1, [0, 26])
    if game.state == "gameover":
        screen.blit(text_game_over, [5, 200])
        screen.blit(text_game_over1, [20, 265])
    if game.state == "paused":
        screen.blit(text_paused, [20, 200])
        screen.blit(text_paused1, [1, 265])

    pygame.display.flip()
    clock.tick(fps)

pygame.quit()

使用方法

要首先安装软件：

pip3 install pygame

一些说明

1. 原始代码来自于这里
2. 参考了 How to write Tetris in Python
3. 我给新增了几项功能
   1. 增加了预览下一个块式样的功能
   2. 增加游戏暂停功能
   3. 增加了随着分数增加块下落的速度也跟着加快的功能